Creencias sobre prácticas de alimentación y obesidad de madres con hijos menores de 5 años del noroeste de México / Crenças sobre práticas de alimentação e obesidade entre mães com filhos menores de 5 anos de idade no noroeste do México / Beliefs about feeding practices and obesity among mothers with children under 5 years of age in northwestern Mexico

Introducción: Existe una tendencia mundial de incrementoen los índices de sobrepeso y obesidad en niños menoresde 5 años. Las creencias, percepciones y actitudes de lasmadres hacia las prácticas de alimentación y la obesidadtienen implicaciones directas sobre la salud del hijo.Objetivo: Explorar creencias sobre prácticas de alimentacióny obesidad infantil entre madres con hijos menores de cincoaños del noroeste de México.Metodología: Estudio cualitativo de aproximación etnográfica.Mediante un muestreo propositivo se realizaron nueve entrevistassemiestructuradas a mujeres que contaban con un promediode 12 años de educación.Resultados: Las creencias incluyeron inseguridad para asumirel rol de madre, una baja percepción de apoyo familiar ycreencias que no se alineaban con las recomendaciones dela lactancia materna exclusiva e introducción de alimentoscomplementarios. Además, estas tenían la creencia de que laobesidad no es un problema debido a la corta edad de sus hijos.Conclusiones: Existe una ambivalencia entre las creencias delas participantes y sus prácticas con relación a la alimentacióny la obesidad infantil. Es imperativo desarrollar estrategiasde educación y comunicación que proporcionen informaciónbasada en evidencia, de fácil acceso y disponible para madrescon la intención de prevenir problemas de nutrición durantela primera infancia.(AU)

Introduction: There is a worldwide trend of increasingrates of overweight and obesity in children under5 years of age. Mothers' beliefs, perceptions, andattitudes towards feeding practices and obesity havedirect implications on their children's health.Aim: To explore beliefs about feeding practices andchildhood obesity among mothers with children underfive years of age in northwestern Mexico.Methodology: Qualitative study with ethnographicapproach. Using purposive sampling, nine semi-structured interviews were conducted with womenwith an average of 12 years of education.Results: Beliefs included insecurity in assuming therole of mother, a low perception of family support, andbeliefs that were not aligned with the recommendations ofexclusive breastfeeding and introduction of complementary foods. In addition, these held the belief that obesity isnot a problem due to the young age of their children.Conclusions: There is ambivalence between theparticipants' beliefs and their practices regarding feedingand childhood obesity. It is imperative to developeducation and communication strategies that provideevidence-based information that is easily accessibleand available to mothers to prevent nutrition problemsduring early childhood.(AU)

Introdução: Há uma tendência mundial de aumentodas taxas de sobrepeso e obesidade em crianças commenos de 5 anos de idade. As crenças, percepções eatitudes das mães com relação às práticas alimentares eà obesidade têm implicações diretas na saúde infantil.Objetivo: explorar as crenças sobre práticas de alimentaçãoe obesidade infantil entre mães de crianças com menosde cinco anos de idade no noroeste do México.Metodologia: estudo qualitativo com uma abordagemetnográfica. Usando amostragem intencional, foramrealizadas nove entrevistas semiestruturadas commulheres com uma média de 12 anos de escolaridade.Resultados: As crenças incluíam insegurança em assumiro papel de mãe, baixa percepção de apoio familiar ecrenças que não se alinhavam com as recomendaçõesde amamentação exclusiva e introdução de alimentoscomplementares. Além disso, elas acreditavam quea obesidade não era um problema devido à poucaidade de seus filhos.Conclusões: Há uma ambivalência entre as crenças epráticas dos participantes com relação à alimentaçãoe à obesidade infantil. É imperativo desenvolverestratégias de educação e comunicação que forneçaminformações baseadas em evidências, facilmenteacessíveis e disponíveis para as mães, a fim de evitarproblemas de nutrição na primeira infância.(AU)

Relación entre la conciencia de madres y padres sobre el abuso sexual y las habilidades de los niños para decir «no» / The relationship between parental awareness of sexual abuse and children's skills to say «no»

Introducción: El abuso sexual infantil es un problema social global y multidimensional que provoca resultados devastadores y permanentes en las relaciones psicológicas, emocionales, cognitivas, conductuales, físicas, sexuales e interpersonales. Este estudio examina la relación entre la capacidad de decir «no» y la conciencia de madres y padres sobre el abuso sexual en estudiantes de 4.° de primaria. Métodos: El estudio se realizó entre abril de 2022 y junio de 2022 en escuelas primarias de un distrito central provincial en el noreste de Turquía. La muestra del estudio estuvo formada por 310 alumnos de 4.° de primaria y sus madres y padres. Compilamos los datos del estudio con el Formulario de información personal, la Escala de capacidad para decir «no» para niños y la Escala de conciencia de abuso sexual para padres. Resultados: Hubo una correlación positiva débil (p˂0,05) entre las puntuaciones medias de conciencia de las madres sobre el abuso sexual y las puntuaciones medias de rechazo y resistencia de los niños, y una correlación positiva débil (p˂0,05) entre las puntuaciones medias de la conciencia de los padres sobre el abuso sexual y las puntuaciones medias de rechazo de los niños. Conclusión: A medida que aumentó la conciencia de las madres y los padres sobre los mitos y las enseñanzas sobre el abuso sexual y las acciones para combatir el abuso sexual, también aumentó la negativa de los niños. Se encontró que a medida que aumentaba la conciencia de los padres sobre las señales de abuso sexual, aumentaba la negativa de los niños.(AU)

Introduction: Child sexual abuse is a global and multidimensional social problem and causes devastating and permanent psychological, emotional, cognitive, behavioural, physical, sexual and interpersonal sequelae. This study examines the relationship between the ability to say «no» and parental awareness of sexual abuse in 4th grade primary school students. Methods: The study was conducted between April 2022 and June 2022 in primary schools in the central district of a province in north-eastern Turkey. The sample consisted of 310 students enrolled in 4th grade and their parents. We collected the data through a personal information form, the ability to say «no» scale for children and the sexual abuse awareness scale for parents. Results: There was a weak positive correlation between the mean maternal scores of sexual abuse awareness and the mean scores of refusal and resistance in children (P˂.05), as well as a weak positive correlation between the mean paternal scores of sexual abuse awareness and the mean scores of refusal and resistance in children (P˂.05). Conclusion: As mothers’ and fathers’ awareness of sexual abuse myths and of teachings and actions to combat sexual abuse increased, the refusal of children also increased. Also, as fathers’ awareness of the signs of sexual abuse increased, children's refusal increased.(AU)

mADRES predicts hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with hepatitis C virus who achieved sustained virological response.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The study aims to develop a novel predictive model including the fibrosis (FIB)-3 index for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) who achieved sustained virological response (SVR) with direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy. METHODS: This study included 2529 patients in whom HCV was eradicated with DAA therapy. The after DAA recommendation for surveillance (ADRES) score, which is based on sex, FIB-4 index, and α-fetoprotein, was used to predict HCC development. We developed a modified ADRES (mADRES) score, in which the FIB-4 index was replaced by the FIB-3 index, and evaluated its usefulness in predicting HCC development compared with the ADRES score. RESULTS: In the training set (n = 1770), multivariate analysis with Cox proportional hazards modeling showed that male sex (hazard ratio [HR], 2.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.48-3.01), FIB-3 index (HR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.28-1.45), and α-fetoprotein (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03-1.07) are independently associated with HCC development. The incidence of HCC differed significantly by ADRES or mADRES score in multiple comparisons. Univariate Cox proportional hazards models showed that compared with the mADRES score 0 group, the HR for HCC development was 2.07 (95% CI, 1.02-4.19) for the mADRES score 1 group, 11.37 (95% CI, 5.80-22.27) for the mADRES score 2 group, and 21.95 (95% CI, 10.17-47.38) for the mADRES score 3 group. Similar results were obtained for mADRES score but not for ADRES score in the validation set (n = 759). CONCLUSION: The mADRES score is useful for predicting HCC development after SVR.

Maternal Dietary Patterns During Pregnancy Are Linked to Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy Among a Predominantly Low-Income US Hispanic/Latina Pregnancy Cohort.

BACKGROUND: Diet during pregnancy may be a potential intervention for preventing hypertensive disorders of pregnancy that disproportionally burdens Hispanic/Latina women. METHODS AND RESULTS: The MADRES (Maternal And Developmental Risks from Environmental and Social stressors) study (n=451) is a prospective pregnancy cohort of predominantly low-income Hispanic/Latina women in Los Angeles, California, who completed up to 2 staff-administered 24-hour dietary recalls in the third trimester of pregnancy. Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were abstracted from medical records and based on a physician's diagnosis or systolic or diastolic blood pressure (≥140 or ≥90 mm Hg, respectively) at ≥2 consecutive prenatal visits. Using multivariable logistic regression, we evaluated associations of 2 previously derived dietary patterns in this population (solid fats, refined grains, and cheese and vegetables, oils, and fruit) and the Healthy Eating Index 2015 with (1) gestational hypertension, (2) preeclampsia, and (3) any hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (either gestational hypertension or preeclampsia). In separate models, we additionally tested interactions with prepregnancy body mass index. Comparing highest-to-lowest quartiles, the solid fats, refined grains, and cheese dietary pattern was associated with an increased odds of any hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (odds ratio [OR], 3.99 [95% CI, 1.44-11.0]; Ptrend=0.014) and preeclampsia (OR, 4.10 [95% CI, 1.25-13.5]; Ptrend=0.036), whereas the vegetables, oils, and fruit pattern was associated with reduced odds of preeclampsia (OR, 0.32 [95% CI, 0.10-0.99]; Ptrend=0.041). Among the overweight prepregnancy body mass index category, inverse associations of vegetables, oils, and fruit and Healthy Eating Index 2015 with preeclampsia were more pronounced (both Pinteractions=0.017). Healthy Eating Index 2015 findings were generally nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS: While the solid fats, refined grains, and cheese diet was strongly associated with preeclampsia during pregnancy, findings suggest the vegetables, oils, and fruit diet may be more relevant than Healthy Eating Index 2015 for preventing preeclampsia among low-income Hispanic/Latina women.

The relationship between parental awareness of sexual abuse and children's skills to say "no".

INTRODUCTION: Child sexual abuse is a global and multidimensional social problem and causes devastating and permanent psychological, emotional, cognitive, behavioural, physical, sexual and interpersonal sequelae. This study examines the relationship between the ability to say "no" and parental awareness of sexual abuse in 4th grade primary school students. METHODS: The study was conducted between April 2022 and June 2022 in primary schools in the central district of a province in north-eastern Turkey. The sample consisted of 310 students enrolled in 4th grade and their parents. We collected the data through a personal information form, the Ability to Say "No" Scale for Children and the Sexual Abuse Awareness Scale for Parents. RESULTS: There was a weak positive correlation between the mean maternal scores of sexual abuse awareness and the mean scores of refusal and resistance in children (P < .05), as well as a weak positive correlation between the mean paternal scores of sexual abuse awareness and the mean scores of refusal and resistance in children (P < .05). CONCLUSION: As mothers' and fathers' awareness of sexual abuse myths and of teachings and actions to combat sexual abuse increased, the refusal of children also increased. Also, as fathers' awareness of the signs of sexual abuse increased, children's refusal increased.

Mental health impacts of climate change and extreme weather events on mothers.

Background: The perinatal period is a time of increased vulnerability for perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs). Emotional trauma is a risk factor for PMAD development and is common among survivors of extreme weather events (EWEs), which are becoming more frequent and intense as the climate crisis progresses. EWE-related stress and anxiety have not been extensively studied in the perinatal population. However, the limited available data suggest a negative impact of EWE exposure on perinatal mental health, warranting further investigation and investment.Objective: To address this knowledge gap, we interviewed new Australian mothers to understand how EWEs affect the mental health of the perinatal population.Method: Australian mothers (18 years of age or older) with a baby under 12 months of age were recruited to participate in a single virtual focus group session (seven group sessions were run in total) and complete an anonymous survey. Participants were asked questions regarding their concerns about extreme weather and its impact, as well as their general maternal functioning. Maternal functioning, depression, and climate distress were measured via the survey.Results: The study sample comprised 31 Australian mothers (Mage = 31.74, SD = 4.86), predominantly located in Queensland. Findings from the focus groups suggested six key themes; however, of focus to this study are three themes related to maternal mental health: health and well-being, helplessness and avoidant coping, and resilience and adaptation. Predominant subthemes focused on trauma resulting from EWE exposure, economic and heat concerns, social isolation, hopelessness about the future, and feelings of resilience.Conclusions: The evidence linking adverse perinatal mental health outcomes with climate change and EWEs highlights the urgent need for interventions in this context to protect perinatal mental health and well-being. By acknowledging the traumatic impact of these experiences on mothers, this study supports advocacy for policies that specifically address this issue.

The extra consideration of navigating climatic events with children represented a complicating factor in addition to the demands of motherhood.Heat presented as a serious concern for participants, often as part of maintaining the balance between protecting their children's health and well-being and preserving their own mental health.Mothers simultaneously were disengaged from climate-related discussion or action and expressed feelings of helplessness in the face of the magnitude of climate change.

Factores predisponentes a Infecciones Respiratorias Agudas en preescolares de una comunidad desde la mirada de las madres / Predisposing factors to Acute Respiratory Infections in preschool children in a community from the mothers' perspective

Objetivo: Describir los factores predisponentes a Infecciones Respiratorias Agudas preescolares de una comunidad desde la mirada de las madres. Métodos: Investigación cualitativa, descriptiva, en una muestra de 12 madres de preescolares una comunidad de Lambayeque-Perú. Los datos se recolectaron mediante entrevista semiestructurada, la cual fue validada por juicio de expertos y por una prueba piloto en 2 madres que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión. Los datos fueron procesados mediante análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: a) Identificación de factores individuales como factor predisponente, b) Reconocimiento de factores en la vivienda como factor predisponente, c) Los factores familiares como factor predisponente y d) Reconocimiento de factores ambientales como factor predisponente. Conclusión: Las madres reconocen los factores predisponentes de las infecciones respiratorias agudas, sin embargo, estos factores, aún siguen presentes como causantes de estas enfermedades. Por tanto, urge realizar investigaciones que profundicen en porqué persisten, estudios que indaguen porqué el incumplimiento de las madres con el calendario de vacunación, de medidas preventivas que están en sus manos practicarlas. Por otro lado, existen factores que no están en sus manos, y que corresponde a los gobiernos, mejorar las políticas públicas para solventar este problema de salud pública. (AU)

Objective: To describe the predisposing factors to preschool Acute Respiratory Infections in a community from the mothers' point of view. Methods: Qualitative, descriptive research in a sample of 12 mothers of preschoolers in a community of Lambayeque, Peru. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, which were validated by expert judgement and by a pilot test in 2 mothers who met the inclusion criteria. Data were processed using thematic content analysis. Results: a) identification of individual factors as a predisposing factor, b) recognition of housing factors as a predisposing factor, c) family factors as a predisposing factor and d) recognition of environmental factors as a predisposing factor. Conclusion: Mothers recognize the predisposing factors of acute respiratory infections, however, these factors are still present as the cause of these diseases. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out research that delves into why they persist, studies that investigate why mothers do not comply with the vaccination schedule, with preventive measures that are in their hands to practice. On the other hand, there are factors that are not in their hands, and that it is up to governments to improve public policies to solve this public health problem. (AU)

Repercussões psicossociais da pandemia da covid-19 para mães de crianças com transtorno do espectro autista / Psychosocial repercussions of the covid-19 pandemic for mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder / Repercusiones psicosociales de la pandemia de covid-19 en las madres de niños con trastorno del espectro autista

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender as repercussões psicossociais da pandemia da COVID-19 para mães de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista. Método: estudo qualitativo, com a participação de 22 mães. Os dados foram coletados de maio a julho de 2022, no interior da Paraíba, Brasil, por meio de uma Dinâmica de Criatividade e Sensibilidade. A análise deu-se através do referencial teórico-analítico da análise de discurso francesa. Resultados: medo, ansiedade, angústia, preocupações assumiram um lugar central no movimento dialógico das mães. Diante das demandas e reconfigurações na rotina, houve uma sobrecarrega física, emocional e psicológica, com repercussões na vida materna. A solidão pôde ser evidenciada pela frágil ou inexistente rede de apoio durante o período pandêmico. Conclusão: o estudo pode subsidiar a reflexão sobre as repercussões da pandemia na vida de mães de crianças com autismo e viabilizar a elaboração de ações que priorizem a saúde mental, auxiliando-as na superação de momentos de adversidades.

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the psychosocial repercussions of the COVID-19 pandemic for mothers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Method: a qualitative study, with participation of 22 mothers. The data were collected from May to July 2022 in the inland of Paraíba, Brazil, through the Dynamics of Creativity and Sensitivity. The analysis took place through the theoretical-analytical framework of French discourse analysis. Results: fear, anxiety, anguish and concerns assumed a central place in the mothers' dialogical movement. Faced with the demands and reconfigurations in the routine, there was physical, emotional and psychological overload, with repercussions on maternal life. Loneliness can be seen in the weak or non-existent support network during the pandemic. Conclusion: the study can support reflection on the repercussions of the pandemic on the lives of mothers of children with autism and enable the development of actions that prioritize mental health, helping them to overcome moments of adversity.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender las repercusiones psicosociales de la pandemia de COVID-19 en las madres de niños con Trastorno del Espectro Autista. Método: estudio cualitativo, con la participación de 22 madres. Los datos fueron recolectados de mayo a julio de 2022, en el interior de Paraíba, Brasil, mediante una Dinámica de Creatividad y Sensibilidad. El análisis se realizó siguiendo el marco teórico-analítico del análisis del discurso francés. Resultados: el miedo, la ansiedad, la angustia y las preocupaciones ocuparon un lugar central en el movimiento dialógico de las madres. Ante las exigencias y reconfiguraciones de la rutina, las madres sufrieron una sobrecarga física, emocional y psicológica que afectó su vida. La soledad se puede ver en la débil o nula red de apoyo que tuvieron durante la pandemia. Conclusión: el estudio puede contribuir a la reflexión sobre las repercusiones de la pandemia en la vida de las madres de niños con autismo y posibilitar el desarrollo de acciones que prioricen la salud mental que las ayuden a superar momentos de adversidad.

Identificação do contexto familiar e social em registros de consultas de enfermagem ao binômio mãe-bebê / Identificación del contexto familiar y social en registros de consultas de enfermería para el binomio madre-bebé / Identification of the family and social context in records of nursing consultations with the mother-baby binomial

Objetivo: identificar informações relacionadas ao contexto familiar e social em registros da primeira consulta de enfermagem ao binômio mãe-bebê. Método: estudo de Métodos Mistos com Estratégia Incorporada Concomitante de Dados. Utilizou-se roteiro composto por oito questões com respostas do tipo dicotômicas e espaço para transcrever as sentenças relacionadas ao contexto familiar e social. Dados analisados por estatística descritiva e análise de conteúdo dedutiva. Resultados: dos 326 registros, 30% descreveram a presença de outros familiares na consulta e o estado emocional da puérpera. Informações sobre estrutura familiar e rede de apoio estavam presentes em 27,3 e 21,8% deles, respectivamente. A experiência da gestação foi o aspecto menos mencionado (4,3%). O diagnóstico comumente incluído foi "Vínculo mãe e filho preservado". As sentenças convergiram com os dados quantitativos ao indicar limitada exploração do contexto e centralidade no modelo biomédico. Conclusão: na maioria dos registros não constava informações sobre o contexto familiar e social.

Objective: to identify information related to the family and social context in records of the first nursing consultation with the mother-baby binomial. Method: Mixed-methods study with Concomitant Data Incorporated Strategy. A script was used consisting of eight questions with dichotomous answers and space to transcribe the sentences related to the family and social context. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and deductive content analysis. Results: of the 326 records, 30% described the presence of other family members at the appointment and the emotional state of the puerperal woman. Information on family structure and support networks was present in 27.3 and 21.8% of them, respectively. The experience of pregnancy was the least mentioned aspect (4.3%). The diagnosis most commonly included was "Mother-child bond preserved". The sentences converged and indicated a limited exploration of the context and a focus on the biomedical model. Conclusion: the majority of records lacked information on the family and social context.

Objetivo: identificar información relacionada al contexto familiar y social en registros de la primera consulta de enfermería para el binomio madre-bebé. Método: estudio de métodos mixtos con estrategia integrada de datos concomitantes. Se utilizó un guion compuesto por ocho preguntas con respuestas dicotómicas y espacio para transcribir las frases relacionadas con el contexto familiar y social. Datos analizados mediante estadística descriptiva y análisis de contenido deductivo. Resultados: de los 326 registros, el 30% describió la presencia de otros familiares en la consulta y el estado emocional de la puérpera. La información sobre la estructura familiar y la red de apoyo estuvo presente en el 27,3 y el 21,8% de ellos, respectivamente. La experiencia del embarazo fue el aspecto menos mencionado (4,3%). El diagnóstico comúnmente incluido fue "Vínculo preservado entre madre e hijo". Las frases convergieron con los datos cuantitativos al indicar una exploración limitada del contexto y la centralidad en el modelo biomédico. Conclusión: la mayoría de los registros no contenían información sobre el contexto familiar y social.

Effects of Virtual Health Messages on Maternal Therapeutic Adherence for Childhood Anemia

Introduction: Therapeutic adherence for childhood anemia is addressed in health services with unsatisfactory results. Therefore, the implementation of this strategy will favor greater adherence to treatment with ferrous sulfate. Objective: To evaluate the effect of virtual health messages on maternal therapeutic adherence for childhood anemia. Materials and Methods: A pre-experimental and longitudinal study was developed between November and December 2022, in which 24 mothers of children diagnosed with anemia participated. Adherence was determined using a test and inferential analysis through the Wilcoxon test. Results: The mothers were between 18 and 29 years old (50.0 %), of rural origin (66.7 %), who completed primary school (33.3 %), housewives (83.3 %), and cohabitants (79.2 %). In the pre-test, high adherence was observed in social factors (50 %), health personnel (75 %), illness (87.5 %), and person supplementing the ferrous sulfate and the patient (75.5 %). The overall adherence was medium in the pretest (50.0 %) and high in the post-test (100.0 %). Message reception was high for the overall test (62.6 %), reminder (79.2 %), informational (79.2 %), and motivational (75.0 %) messages. Conclusion: Virtual health messages have a positive effect on maternal therapeutic adherence for childhood anemia (p < 0.05) and their inclusion in primary health services will contribute favorably to obtaining optimal results.

Introducción: la adherencia terapéutica de anemia infantil es un tópico abordado en los servicios de salud, con resultados poco satisfactorios; por lo tanto, la implementación de esta estrategia favorecerá una mayor adherencia al tratamiento con sulfato ferroso. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto de los mensajes virtuales en salud sobre la adherencia terapéutica materna de anemia infantil. Materiales y Métodos: se desarrolló un estudio preexperimental y longitudinal entre noviembre y diciembre de 2022, en el cual participaron 24 madres de niños diagnosticados con anemia; la adherencia se determinó mediante un test y el análisis inferencial por medio de la prueba de Wilcoxon. Resultados: Las madres tenían entre 18 y 29 años (50,0 %), procedencia rural (66,7 %), primaria completa (33,3 %), amas de casa (83,3 %) y convivientes (79,2 %). En el pretest, se observó alta adherencia en factores sociales (50 %), personal de salud (75 %), enfermedad (87,5 %), persona que suplementa y paciente (75,5 %), y adherencia media en factores relacionados a la suplementación (54,2 %); en el postest, la adherencia alta se presentó en factores sociales (100,0 %), personal de salud (100,0 %), enfermedad (87,5 %), suplementación (95,8 %), persona que suministra el sulfato ferroso y paciente (100,0 %). La adherencia global fue media en el pretest (50,0 %) y alta en el postest (100,0 %). La recepción de mensajes fue alta para el test global (62,6 %), mensajes recordatorios (79,2 %), informativos (79,2 %) y motivacionales (75,0 %). Conclusión: los mensajes virtuales en salud tienen un efecto positivo en la adherencia terapéutica materna de anemia infantil (p < 0,05) y su inclusión en los servicios primarios de salud contribuirá favorablemente en la obtención de resultados óptimos.

Introdução: a adesão ao tratamento da anemia infantil é um tema abordado nos serviços de saúde, com resultados insatisfatórios; portanto, a implementação dessa estratégia favorecerá uma maior adesão ao tratamento com sulfato ferroso. Objetivo: avaliar o efeito das mensagens virtuais de saúde na adesão materna ao tratamento da anemia infantil. Materiais e método: foi realizado um estudo pré-experimental e longitudinal entre novembro e dezembro de 2022, do qual participaram 24 mães de crianças diagnosticadas com anemia; a adesão foi determinada por meio de um teste e a análise inferencial, por meio do teste de Wilcoxon. Resultados: as mães tinham entre 18 e 29 anos de idade (50 %), eram de áreas rurais (66,7 %), concluíram o ensino fundamental (33,3 %), eram donas de casa (83,3 %) e viviam juntas (79,2 %). No pré-teste, foi observada alta adesão em fatores sociais (50 %), equipe de saúde (75 %), doença (87,5 %), pessoa que suplementa e paciente (75,5 %), e adesão média em fatores relacionados à suplementação (54,2 %); no pós-teste, foi observada alta adesão em fatores sociais (100 %), equipe de saúde (100 %), doença (87,5 %), suplementação (95,8 %), pessoa que fornece sulfato ferroso e paciente (100 %). A adesão geral foi média no pré-teste (50 %) e alta no pós-teste (100 %). A recepção das mensagens foi alta para o teste geral (62,6 %), lembretes (79,2 %), mensagens informativas (79,2 %) e motivacionais (75 %). Conclusões: as mensagens virtuais de saúde têm um efeito positivo na adesão materna ao tratamento da anemia infantil (p < 0,05) e sua inclusão nos serviços de saúde primários contribuirá favoravelmente para a otimização dos resultados.

Experiencias en lactancia materna, vivencia desde la mujer que amamanta: estudio cualitativo / Breastfeeding experiences from the perspective of the breastfeeding woman: qualitative study

Objetivos: Comprender las experiencias sobre la lactancia materna desde la perspectiva de las mujeres, en un grupo de madres lactantes primerizas. Materiales y métodos: Estudio cualitativo, bajo la perspectiva de etnografía, enfocado en un grupo de mujeres de la región oriente del departamento de Antioquia (Colombia). Por muestreo intencional y hasta la saturación de los datos se seleccionaron 16 mujeres lactantes primerizas, de 18 años o más, con hijos menores de 24 meses y que se encontraran amantando o hubiesen amantado de forma exclusiva al menos durante tres meses. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y observación participante; el análisis de los datos se desarrolló por triangulación y codificación abierta y axial. Los resultados se presentan a través de la descripción de categorías. Resultados: Se identificaron cuatro categorías frente a la experiencia del amamantamiento: el agotamiento y el dolor que se disipan con amor, la lactancia y el nuevo orden de las cosas, las emociones de una mujer en el cuerpo de una madre y la lactancia: un acto social. Conclusiones: Proteger la lactancia materna requiere poner especial cuidado a la mujer como sujeto, más allá del amamantamiento, dando prioridad a su salud física y emocional como elementos esenciales que deben ser considerados por los profesionales en salud. Se requieren estudios que evalúen los efectos de la creación de grupos de apoyo que propicien el intercambio de saberes para acompañar a la mujer lactante

Objectives: To understand the breastfeeding experience from the perspective of a group of women who breastfeed for the first time. Material and methods: Qualitative study from an ethnographic perspective, focusing on a group of women from the eastern region of the Department of Antioquia (Colombia). Intentional sampling until data saturation was used. The group included 16 first-time breastfeeding mothers aged 18 or older, with children under 24 months of age and who were breastfeeding or had breastfed exclusively for at least three months. Semi-structured interviews and participant observations were carried out. Data were analyzed by triangulation and open and axial coding. The results are presented in the form of category descriptions. Results: Four categories were identified in relation to the breastfeeding experience: exhaustion and pain dispelled by love, breastfeeding and the new order of things, emotions of a woman embodied in a mother, and breastfeeding as a social act. Conclusions: Protection of breastfeeding requires special attention to the woman as a subject beyond the act of breastfeeding, giving priority to her physical and emotional health as essential elements that must be kept in mind by healthcare professionals. Studies to assess the effects of creating support groups that foster the exchange of insights to help the breastfeeding woman are required.

Manejo materno de recién nacidos atendidos en el Centro de Salud Tulcán No. 1. Ecuador, 2021-2022

Fundamento: la correcta atención materna en etapa neonatal es un factor elemental para el estado de salud del niño. Objetivo: describir el manejo materno de recién nacidos atendidos en el Centro de Salud Tulcán No. 1. Métodos: estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal sobre madres de recién nacidos que asistieron al Centro de Salud Tulcán N°1 en el periodo de septiembre de 2021 a febrero de 2022. La población estudiada fue de 30 madres. Se analizaron las variables: identificación de signos de alarmas, elementos referidos a la alimentación, cuidados y características del cordón umbilical, higiene en el manejo del recién nacido y momento de asistencia al primer control neonatal. Para la recolección de la información se empleó una encuesta. Resultados: el 90 % de las madres identificó la presencia de signos de alarma en su hijo (el 33,33 % no puedo alimentarse y/o respirar); el 50 % de los recién nacidos recibieron lactancia materna exclusiva. El 26,67 % de las madres refirió que el estómago de su bebé se pone duro después de la lactancia, y el 26,67 % que su hijo experimentó vómitos después de la alimentación complementaria. El 46,67 % realizó la cura con alcohol como cuidado al cordón umbilical y el 26,67 % presentó una coloración roja del mismo. El 33,33 % refirió lavarse las manos después de cambiar el pañal y el 36,67 % realizó la higiene de los genitales del neonato con cada cambio de pañal. El 16,67 % asistió a la primera consulta de control neonatal en tiempo. Conclusiones: aún existen insuficiencias en el manejo materno del neonato para poder disminuir los factores de riesgo que generan complicaciones.

Foundation: correct maternal care in the neonatal stage is an elementary factor for the child's health state. Objective: to describe the maternal management of newborns treated at the Tulcán Health Center No. 1. Methods observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study on mothers of newborns who attended the Tulcán Health Center N°1 from September 2021 to February 2022. The population studied was 30 mothers. The analyzed variables were: identification of warning signs, elements related to feeding, care and characteristics of the umbilical cord, hygiene in handling the newborn and time of attendance at the first neonatal check-up. A survey was used to collect the information. Results: 90% of the mothers identified the presence of warning signs in their child (33.33% could not feed and/or breathe); 50% of newborns were exclusively breastfed. 26.67% of mothers reported that their baby´s; stomach becomes hard after breastfeeding, and 26.67% reported that their child experienced vomiting after complementary feeding. 46.67% performed the cure with alcohol as care for the umbilical cord and 26.67% presented a red color to it. 33.33% reported washing their hands after changing the diaper and 36.67% cleaned the newborn's genitals with each diaper change. 16.67% attended the first neonatal check-up consultation on time. Conclusions: there are still inadequacies in the maternal management of the newborn to reduce the risk factors that generate complications.

Relatos de madres de desaparecidos: voces desde el colectivo / Stories of mothers of the disappeared: voices from the collective

La desaparición forzada en el país es alarmante, sobre todo de jóvenes de 15 a 29 años. Este evento rompe el lazo social y deja a las madres en estado traumático. El propósito de esta investigación fue triangularlas narrativas de desaparición, denuncia e integración de las madres al colectivo. Los resultados muestran que la vivencia de desaparición y el proceso de denuncia son tramas de degradación, donde las madres quedan revictimizadas, dado el maltrato de servidores públicos; mientras que, la integración a un colectivo hace de ideal reparatorio, pues confraternizan las madres en su dolor y resistencia en la búsqueda. Se concluye invitando a los psicólogos a buscar modos de elaboración acordes a la vivencia de trauma social AU

The enforced disappearance in this country is alarming, especially for young people between 15 and 29 years old. This event breaks the social bond and leaves mothers in a traumatic state. The purpose of this research is to triangulate the narratives of disappearance, filling in reportsand integration of the mothers into the collective. The results show that the experience of disappearance and the reporting processesare degrading,where the mothers are re-victimized, given the mistreatment of public servants. Beingthe integration to a collective a reparatory ideal, because the mothers fraternize in their pain and resistance in the searching. It concludes by inviting psychologists to seek ways of elaboration according to the experience of social trauma AU

Effect of Digital applications on maternal as well as neonatal outcomes in Young pregnant girls: A Scope Review / Efecto de las aplicaciones digitales en los resultados maternos y neonatales de las jóvenes embarazadas: Una revisión de alcance / Efeito dos aplicativos digitais nos resultados maternos e neonatais de mulheres grávidas jovens: uma revisão de escopo

Objective. To understand the effect of digital applications on maternal and neonatal outcomes in young pregnant girls. Methods. A PubMed, CINAHL and Medline online database search was conducted, and related studies were included the databases were searched in order to carry out a more in detailed search of the available literature utilizing keywords like "digital technology"; "adolescent mothers"; and "infant, newborn", as well as Boolean operators to generate papers pertinent which were correlating with the objective of the study. Results.The findings revealed that the PPPs employed produced both positive and negative effects on mothers and newborns. Some were effective, especially in aspects related to improved mental health, while others did not necessarily support the adolescents in preparing for pregnancy and childbirth, but rather raised their anxiety levels. Similarly, the use of these apps decreased the use of emergency neonatal services by the adolescent mothers and the infants were lower in likelihood of exclusive breastfeeding. Participants appreciated the social media-based instruction, but this exposure did not translate into considerable change in routines and behaviors.

Objetivo. Conocer el efecto de las aplicaciones digitales en los resultados maternos y neonatales en jóvenes embarazadas. Métodos. Se realizó una estrategia de búsqueda en las bases de datos en línea PubMed, CINAHL y Medline utilizando los términos "digital technology"; "adolescent mothers"; y "infant, newborn", y operadores booleanos. Resultados. Los hallazgos revelaron que las APPs empleadas produjeron efectos tanto positivos como negativos sobre las madres y los neonatos. Algunas fueron efectivas, especialmente en los aspectos relacionados con la mejoría en la salud mental, mientras que otras nó ayudaron necesariamente a las adolescentes a prepararse para el embarazo y el parto, sino que más bien elevaron sus niveles de ansiedad. Del mismo modo, el uso de estas aplicaciones disminuyó la utilización de servicios neonatales de urgencia por las madres adolescentes y los neonatos tuvieron menor probabilidad de tener lactancia materna exclusiva. Las participantes apreciaron la instrucción basada en los medios sociales, pero esta exposición no se tradujo en un cambio considerable de rutinas y hábitos. Conclusión. Las soluciones digitales y basadas en la web tuvieron la capacidad de influir en los resultados de los embarazos de adolescentes, pero se requiere de otras investigaciones para evaluar hasta qué punto son útiles estos servicios de apoyo en este grupo poblacional.

Objetivo. Conhecer o efeito dos aplicativos digitais nos resultados maternos e neonatais em gestantes jovens. Métodos. Foi realizada uma estratégia de busca nas bases de dados online PubMed/Medline e CINAHL e utilizando os termos "tecnologia digital"; "mães adolescentes"; e "bebê, recém-nascido" e operadores booleanos. Resultados. Os resultados revelaram que os APPs utilizados produziram efeitos positivos e negativos nas mães e nos neonatos. Alguns foram eficazes, especialmente em termos de melhoria da saúde mental, enquanto outros não ajudaram necessariamente os adolescentes a prepararem-se para a gravidez e o parto, mas antes aumentaram os seus níveis de ansiedade. Da mesma forma, o uso desses aplicativos diminuiu a utilização de serviços neonatais de emergência por mães adolescentes e os neonatos tiveram menor probabilidade de serem amamentados exclusivamente. Os participantes apreciaram a instrução baseada nas redes sociais, mas esta exposição não se traduziu em mudanças consideráveis nas rotinas e hábitos. Conclusão. As soluções digitais e baseadas na web tiveram a capacidade de influenciar os resultados da gravidez na adolescência, mas são necessárias mais pesquisas para avaliar até que ponto estes serviços de apoio são úteis neste grupo populacional.

Caracterización clínica del binomio madre-hijo de recién nacidos hijos de madres con VIH en el Hospital Barrio Obrero, años 2016 al 2021

Introducción : El virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) es un miembro de la familia Retroviridae, actualmente agrupado dentro del género Lentivirus. Objetivos: Describir las características clínicas de los recién nacidos hijos de madres con diagnóstico de VIH positivos. Materiales y Métodos : Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal, retrospectivo del binomio madre-hijo de recién nacidos hijos de madres con VIH, internados en el Servicio de Neonatología del Hospital General Barrio Obrero en el periodo comprendido de enero de 2016 a diciembre 2021. Se procedió a la recolección de los datos de las fichas del periodo correspondiente al estudio. Resultados : Un total de 31 individuos (binomios madre-hijo) fueron analizados, la mayoría del sexo masculino, un tercio de los niños nació con bajo o muy bajo peso, se registraron 11 madres con controles prenatales insuficientes o nulo, lo que dio lugar a 5 partos vaginales, éstos sin control prenatal. El motivo de internación fue la hiperbilirrubinemia, la profilaxis recibida por los RN fue monoterapia con Zidovudina. Conclusiones : Esta investigación ha demostrado que a pesar del esfuerzo de los programas de control de VIH y maternos, los niños aún nacen con bajo o muy bajo peso, se observan controles prenatales insuficientes y partos vaginales.

Introduction: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a member of the Retroviridae family, currently grouped within the Lentivirus genus. Objectives: To describe the clinical characteristics of newborns born to mothers diagnosed with HIV. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study of the mother-child pairing of newborns born to mothers with HIV, admitted to the Neonatology Service of the Barrio Obrero General Hospital from January 2016 to December 2021. We proceeded to collect the data from the records of the period corresponding to the study. Results: A total of 31 individuals (mother-child pairs) were analyzed, most of the infants were male, one third of the children were born with low or very low weight, 11 mothers had insufficient or no prenatal care, which resulted in 5 vaginal deliveries in those without prenatal care. The most frequent reason for infant hospitalization was hyperbilirubinemia, the prophylaxis received by the newborns was Zidovudine monotherapy. Conclusions: This research has shown that despite the efforts of the HIV and maternal control programs, children are still born with low or very low weight, we found insufficient prenatal care and vaginal deliveries.

Dinâmica Relacional das Redes Sociais Significativas de Mães de Filhos com Transtorno do Espectro Autista / Relational Dynamics of Meaningful Social Networks of Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder / Dinámica Relacional de Redes Sociales Significativas de Madres de Niños con Trastorno del Espectro Autista

O diagnóstico de um filho com Transtorno do Espectro Autista se configura como evento estressor para a família, especialmente para as mães, podendo trazer implicações relacionais, sociais e emocionais para estas. Este estudo buscou compreender as repercussões do diagnóstico de TEA na dinâmica relacional das redes sociais significativas maternas. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, do qual participaram 12 mães de filhos com TEA. Os dados foram coletados através de entrevistas reflexivas e do mapa de redes sociais significativas, analisados por meio da Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. Identificou-se uma diminuição do número de vínculos nas redes sociais significativas das participantes após o diagnóstico do filho. Nas relações familiares, houve aumento de vínculos, embora as mães não se sentissem suficientemente apoiadas; nas relações extrafamiliares, houve diminuição de membros, mas observou-se a presença de apoio satisfatório entre alguns vínculos situados nesse contexto. Conclui-se que, para que a rede possa ser efetiva no oferecimento de apoio social, é preciso conjugar a disponibilidade materna para receber apoio e o preparo dos membros das redes sociais para manejar as especificidades do TEA. Assim, sugere-se maior investimento na instrumentalização das redes sociais significativas para acolhimento do processo vivenciado por mães de filhos com TEA.

The diagnosis of a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder is configured as a stressful event for the family, especially for mothers, and may have relational, social and emotional implications for them. This study aimed to understand the repercussions of ASD diagnosis on the relational dynamics of significant maternal social networks. This is a qualitative, descriptive and exploratory study, in which 12 mothers of children with ASD participated. Data were collected through reflective interviews and the significant social networks map, analyzed using Grounded Theory. A decrease in the number of members in the participants' significant social networks was identified after their child's diagnosis. In family relationships, there was an increase in members, although the mothers did not feel sufficiently supported; there was a decrease in the number of members in extra-family relationships, but the presence of satisfactory support was observed in some members located in this context. It is concluded that, for the network to be effective in offering social support, it is necessary to combine maternal availability to receive support and preparation of social networks members to handle the specificities of the ASD. Thus, greater investment is suggested in the instrumentalization of significant social networks to nurse the process experienced by mothers of children with ASD.

El diagnóstico de un niño con Trastorno del Espectro Autista se configura como evento estresante para la familia, especialmente para madres, pudiendo tener implicaciones relacionales, sociales y emocionales para ellas. Este estudio buscó comprender las repercusiones del diagnóstico de TEA en la dinámica relacional de redes sociales significativas maternas. Se trata de un estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio, en que participaron 12 madres de niños con TEA. Los datos fueron colectados mediante entrevistas reflexivas y mapa de redes sociales significativas, analizados utilizando Grounded Theory. Se identificó una disminución del número de miembros en las redes sociales significativas de las participantes después del diagnóstico del hijo. En las relaciones familiares, hubo aumento de miembros, aunque las madres no sintieron apoyo suficiente; en las relaciones extrafamiliares, hubo una disminución de miembros, pero se observó la presencia de apoyo satisfactorio entre algunos vínculos situados en este contexto. Se concluye que, para que la red sea efectiva en ofrecer apoyo social, es necesario combinar disponibilidad materna para recibir apoyo y preparación de los miembros de las redes sociales para manejar especificidades del TEA. Se sugiere una mayor instrumentalización de redes sociales significativas para acoger el proceso vivido por madres de niños con TEA.

Qualidade de vida e sobrecarga de mães de crianças com microcefalia / Quality of life and caregiver burden in mothers of children with microcephaly

Introdução: Devido a infecção congênita, a criança com microcefalia possui grandes limitações de sua condição de saúde. Estas limitações fazem com que a criança necessite de maior atenção de saúde e domiciliar. Geralmente, a mãe torna-se cuidadora principal desta criança, esse papel pode levar a sobrecarga com prejuízos em sua qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Analisar sobrecarga do cuidado e a qualidade de vida de mães ou cuidadoras principais de crianças com microcefalia relacionada à infecção congênita. Método: Estudo transversal, correlacional, realizado com 105 participantes do estado de Sergipe, Brasil, durante o período de outubro de 2017 a abril de 2018, através da aplicação questionários: sociodemográfico, WHOQOL-Bref e Sobrecarga do cuidador. Para análise estatística foram utilizados testes ANOVA, teste t e Person (r). Resultados: A totalidade dos participantes era do sexo feminino, 39 % foram classificadas com sobrecarga severa e 30,5% com sobrecarga intensa. A média total da sobrecarga (49,47) indica classificação de moderada à severa. Houve uma forte associação (p<0,0001) entre os níveis de sobrecarga e os domínios da qualidade de vida, sendo o de maior prejuízo o ambiental (36,57) e o físico (38,53). Foi observada uma correlação significativa e inversamente proporcional (r=-0,547, p<0,0001) entre a qualidade de vida e a sobrecarga do cuidador. Conclusão: As mães sofrem sobrecarga severa e intensa que pode levar a repercussões negativas em sua qualidade de vida. A enfermagem pode contribuir na criação e implementação de linhas de cuidados específicas para estas mulheres com ênfase na promoção da saúde física, mental e melhora da qualidade de vida.

Introducción: Debido a la infección congénita, las niñas y los niños con microcefalia tienen grandes limitaciones en su estado de salud. Estas limitaciones hacen que necesiten más atención sanitaria y domiciliaria. Generalmente, la madre se convierte en la principal cuidadora y este papel puede llevar a la sobrecarga, con perjuicio para su calidad de vida. Objetivo: Analizar la sobrecarga de cuidado y la calidad de vida de las madres o personas cuidadoras primarias de niñas o niños con microcefalia, relacionada con infección congénita. Método: Estudio transversal, correlacional realizado con 105 participantes del estado de Sergipe, Brasil, de octubre de 2017 a abril de 2018, a través de la aplicación de los siguientes cuestionarios: sociodemográfico, el WHOQOL-Bref y escala de sobrecarga del cuidador. Para el análisis estadístico, se utilizaron ANOVA, prueba t y prueba Person (r). Resultados: Población totalmente femenina. El 39 % se clasificó con sobrecarga severa y el 30.5 % con sobrecarga intensa. La sobrecarga media total (49.47) indica una clasificación de moderada a grave. Hubo una fuerte asociación (p<0.0001) entre los niveles de carga y los dominios de la calidad de vida, siendo los mayores daños ambientales (36.57) y físicos (38.53). Se observó una correlación significativa e inversamente proporcional (r=-0.547, p<0.0001) entre la calidad de vida y la sobrecarga de la persona cuidadora cuidador. Conclusión: Las madres sufren una sobrecarga severa e intensa que influye negativamente en su calidad de vida. La enfermería puede contribuir para la creación e implementación de líneas de atención específicas para estas mujeres con énfasis en la promoción de la salud física y mental y la mejora de la calidad de vida.

Introduction: Due to congenital infection, children with microcephaly have great limitations due to this condition. These limitations make the child need more health and home care. Generally, the mother becomes the main caretaker for this child, this role can lead to overload feelings that affect their quality of life. Objective: To analyze the role overload and the quality of life of mothers or primary caregiver of children with microcephaly related to congenital infection. Method: Cross-sectional, correlational study carried out with 105 participants from the state of Sergipe, Brazil, during the period from October 2017 to April 2018, through the application of questionnaires: sociodemographic, WHOQOL-Bref, and caregiver burden. For statistical analysis, ANOVA, t-test, and Pearson (r) tests were used. Results: All of the participants were females, 39 % were classified with severe role overload and 30.5% with intense role overload. The total average of this caregiver burden (49.47) presents a moderate to severe classification. There was a strong correlation (p<0.0001) between the levels of their role overload and the domains of their quality of life, where the greatest damage was in the environmental (36.57) and physical (38.53) aspects. A significant and inversely proportional correlation (r=-0.547, p<0.0001) was observed between the quality of life and the caregiver burden. Conclusion: Mothers suffer severe and intense caregiver overload that has a negative influence on their quality of life. Nursing can contribute to the creation and implementation of specific lines of care for these women emphasizing the promotion of physical and mental health to improve their quality of life.

Vivência de mães no cuidado alimentar do filho com gastrosquise à luz de Ramona Mercer / Experience of mothers in the feeding care for children with gastroschisis in the light of Ramona Mercer / Vivencia de madres en el cuidado de alimentación de su hijo con gastrosquisis a la luz de Ramona Mercer

Objetivo: compreender a vivência materna no cuidado alimentar do filho com gastrosquise e discutir a assistência do enfermeiro a essas mães segundo as concepções de Ramona Mercer sobre o papel maternal. Métodos: estudo qualitativo realizado em duas unidades de terapia intensiva (neonatal e cirúrgica) de uma instituição federal no Rio de Janeiro. Foram entrevistadas 11 mães de recém-nascidos com gastrosquise que se alimentavam por via oral e sonda. Os dados foram analisados e interpretados à luz de Bardin e Ramona Mercer. Resultados: as falas evidenciaram dificuldades na construção da identidade materna, visto que alimentar o filho com gastrosquise é desafiador devido à instabilidade clínica, porém, o apoio da enfermagem mostrou-se fundamental nesse processo. Conclusão: dar voz e incluir as mães no cuidado faz com que elas se sintam seguras na criação do vínculo mãe-filho e estabeleçam estratégias para o desenvolvimento do papel materno, mesmo diante dos obstáculos impostos pela malformação

Objective: to understand the maternal experience in the feeding care of the infant with gastroschisis and discuss the assistance of the nurse to these mothers according to the conceptions of Ramona Mercer about the maternal role. Methods: qualitative study carried out in two intensive care units (neonatal and surgical) of a federal institution in Rio de Janeiro. A total of 11 mothers of newborns with gastroschisis who ate via oral and via tube were interviewed. The data were analyzed and interpreted in the light of Bardin and Ramona Mercer. Results: the answers evidenced the difficulties in building the maternal identity, given that feeding a child with gastroschisis is challenging due to the clinical instability; however, the support of the nursing personnel was essential in this process. Conclusion: giving voice and including the mothers in the care make them feel more secure in building the mother-child link and establishing strategies to the development of the maternal role, even in the face of obstacles imposed by the malformation.

Objetivo: comprender la vivencia materna en el cuidado de la alimentación del hijo con gastrosquisis y discutir la asistencia de enfermería a estas madres bajo la perspectiva de Ramona Mercer sobre el papel materno. Métodos: estudio cualitativo, realizado en dos unidades de cuidados intensivos (neonatal y quirúrgica) de una institución federal en Río de Janeiro. Se entrevistaron a 11 madres de recién nacidos con gastrosquisis, que se alimentaban vía oral y por sonda. Para el análisis e interpretación de los datos se utilizó la perspectiva de Bardin y de Ramona Mercer. Resultados: los relatos apuntaron a dificultades en la construcción de la identidad materna, pues alimentar al hijo con gastrosquisis es un desafío debido a la inestabilidad clínica; sin embargo, el apoyo de la enfermería resultó ser fundamental en este proceso. Conclusión: dar voz e incluir a las madres en el cuidado las hace sentir seguras en la creación del vínculo madre-hijo y establece estrategias para el desarrollo del rol materno, incluso ante obstáculos impuestos por esta malformación

Aspectos bioéticos del aborto terapéutico en niñas y adolescentes menores de 15 años

El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar y discutir los argumentos científicos y bioéticos que justifiquen el aborto terapéutico en niñas y adolescentes menores de 15 años. Para ello se hizo búsqueda bibliográfica no sistemática en fuentes nacionales y extranjeras en las diferentes indexadoras. Se encontró que existe suficiente evidencia de carácter científico que identifica al embarazo no intencional en niñas y adolescentes menores de 15 años como una urgencia médica y de alto riesgo por las diferentes complicaciones severas que se pueden dar y argumentos de carácter bioético en favor del aborto terapéutico. En conclusión, las evidencias científicas y los argumentos bioéticos sustentan suficientemente la atención del aborto terapéutico en niñas y adolescentes menores de 15 años.

The objective of this paper is to identify and discuss the scientific and bioethical arguments that justify therapeutic abortion in girls and adolescents under 15 years of age. For this purpose, a non-systematic bibliographic search was made in national and foreign sources in the different indexers. It was found that there is sufficient scientific evidence that identifies unintended pregnancy in girls and adolescents under 15 years of age as a medical emergency and of high risk due to the different severe complications that can occur and bioethical arguments in favor of therapeutic abortion. In conclusion, scientific evidence and bioethical arguments sufficiently support therapeutic abortion care for girls and adolescents under 15 years of age.

Gestación subrogada, ¿estamos preparados en Perú? Una reflexión desde la ética

El desarrollo de la tecnología médica hace posibles procedimientos increíbles que modifican las concepciones de vida y muerte. El principio de la vida biológica con la concepción y la consideración del inicio de la persona humana cuestiona los límites que se debieran establecer en consideración al respeto de la dignidad de la persona. Las técnicas de reproducción asistida han ido evolucionando, creando expectativas por los mejores resultados y abriendo posibilidades de realización de paternidad a parejas y personas solas. El reconocimiento de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos significó un hito que ha llevado a la realización de la gestación subrogada o vientre de alquiler. Sin embargo, surgen conflictos éticos y legales donde de fondo están el respeto de los derechos de las personas intervinientes y los diversos contextos culturales y económicos donde se desarrolla esta práctica médica. Las diversas legislaciones surgidas van desde aquellas laxas, permisivas y utilitaristas a las posiciones conservadoras. Entre ambas hay una serie de matices, donde la reflexión ética busca los cursos medios de acción teniendo en cuenta el principio de realidad y considerando siempre el respeto de los derechos y dignidad de las personas involucradas.

The development of medical technology makes possible incredible procedures that modify the conceptions of life and death. The beginning of biological life with conception and the consideration of the beginning of the human person question the limits that should be established in consideration of the respect for the dignity of the person. Assisted reproduction techniques have been evolving, creating expectations for the best results and opening possibilities of parenthood to couples and single persons. The recognition of sexual and reproductive rights was a milestone that led to the realization of surrogacy or surrogate motherhood. However, ethical and legal conflicts have arisen in which the basic issues are the respect for the rights of the persons involved and the different cultural and economic contexts in which this medical practice is developed. The various legislations that have arisen range from lax, permissive and utilitarian to conservative positions. Between the two, there are a series of nuances, where ethical reflection looks for the best courses of action, considering the principle of reality and always considering respect for the rights and dignity of the people involved.